Since then, the list has grown slightly. Now we have seven new chart types in Excel 2016.
The latest entry is Filled Maps. It allows you do a map of your location/state/branch/region/city/country data with a graduated fill to show the values (of any metric) across those locations.
The other ones are:
Treemap
Sunburst
Histogram
Box and Whisker
Waterfall
Funnel
For extra commentary on the charts other than the filled map, you should read: http://blog.urbizedge.com/2016/08/new-chart-types-in-excel-treemap.html
